Friday, May 4, 2012

Literature Review


The Impact of Social Media on Local Brands/Businesses

The ubiquity of the internet has monumentally revolutionized how we interact with each other. From the advent of email, bulletin board systems, to current social networking sites, technology has been integrated with communication to become a prominent focus of the new digital age. (http://www.onlineschools.org/blog/history-of-social-networking/) According to an infographic created by OnlineSchools.org, the first email was sent in 1971via two computers placed next to each other. However, pre-internet social media goes as far back as some centuries ago in England when people started posting bulletins on trees and wooden posts in public spaces, giving birth to the term "postings". (http://www.blogherald.com/2012/02/13/celebrating-the-history-of-social-media-through-video/)
Today, our online interaction, especially in the social media sphere requires us to make 'posts' to share our content with the public and connect with other users.
This historical bulletin board was then transformed in 1978 into digitized systems enabling users to exchange public messages and files over  telephone lines. Then came the creation of Geocities in 1994, one of the first social networking sites, which was conceptualized to allow users to select 'cities' to place their webpages corresponding to their content. This meant that entertainment-related content would  be placed in "Hollywood" while computer-related content would be placed on "Silicon Valley" (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GeoCities); and anyone with a dial-up connection was now able to create public profiles and share public content.
By 1997, other modern networking sites were launched: theglobe.com, aol.com and sixdegrees.com. AOL popularised the instant messaging concept while sixdegrees.com facilitated profile and friends-list creations. This new found method of interaction quickly became popular and by August 1999, the concept of 'blogging' was born with the launching of Blogger. By 2002, the first real social networking site, Friendster, was launched. Friendster allowed real people to make real connections online and and had 3 million users in its first 3 months. This caught the attention of entrepreneurs and investors worldwide who were able to pick up on the marketing possibilities and new ways of engaging their customer-base. Within the next 3 years, the biggest social media powerhouses were established: LinkedIn and MySpace in 2003; Digg and Facebook in 2004; Youtube in 2005 and Twitter in 2006.
Fast forward to present day, 2012, social media is by no means a fad; it is in fact an industry and one that is paramount to the successful branding and marketing of many products and services.


In order to unlock the full potential of social media on one's business, sound strategies need to be implemented. Additionally, a certain level of creativity and willingness to include multimedia where applicable will likely result in a very successful campaign.
Several international brands have ran impressive viral campaigns and have not only targeted their existing customer base but were able to draw the attention of thousands online viewers and ultimately increase sales. Here are the top social media campaigns from the Forbes magazine article entitled "The Best-Ever Social Media Campaigns" by Victoria Taylor published 8/17/2010:


  1. The Blair Witch Project - touted one of the first viral marketing efforts and the best social media campaign was done in 1999 and created a buzz worldwide. This rather low-budget movie used fake newspaper clippings insinuating that the movie's main characters were missing complete with photos of their 'missing' car. This campaign started months before the movie's premiere and resulted in the film making upwards of US$29 million in its first week of release. To date, the film has generated approximately US$249.
  2. Blendtec's Will it Blend campaign - this campaign centred around the Total Blender which showed videos how powerful the product was, blending anything from a baseball to a cellphone. "According to Jeff Robe, Blendtec's director of marketing, the videos have done more than boost awareness of Blendtec blenders. Home sales of blenders have increased 700% since November 2006."
  3. Old Spice Smell Like a Man campaign - in this campaign the marketing team used the brand's spokesman, Isaiah Mustafa who had originally represented the brand in tv-commercials, to engage customers online. He responded to fans on Twitter and other social media platforms in a series of web videos totaling 180 in the summer of 2010. So successful was this campaign that it lead to a follow-up in 2011 with Mustafa being pitted against Fabio, a well-known international model. It should also be noted that this particular campaign has since be proclaimed to represent the future of marketing.
  4. Burger King Subservient Chicken campaign - so successful was this campaign that it received 15million hits online within its first 5 days. The premise behind it is that this "subservient" chicken, played by a man in a chicken costume suit could perform the commands based on the user's input. This was however depended on pre-recorded footage while appearing like an interactive webcam; playing upon the slogan "Get chicken just the way you like it"
  5. The Pepsi Project - this campaign followed a more philanthropic path. It allowed people to get funding for projects they are passionate about. It engaged participation on Facebook where person's could vote for which project is most deserving and users got to see the winner's project benefit. IT must be noted however that this campaign flourished from a philanthropic standpoint and was successful in creating buzz and increasing followers etc. it's success from a business standpoint is shaky. This will be explained in more details further on.

To be continued...


Pepsi Refresh
While Pepsi's Refresh campaign, which gives people the chance to get funding for philanthropic and charitable ideas, is ongoing, the Forbes judges highlighted the use of "Refresh" as a way for Pepsi to push toward a new identity while still maintaining its youthful image.


metrics for success for a social media campaign


Thursday, May 3, 2012

AR3XO Guidelines


AR3X0 (FOUN3099) – Research Project
SOME GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR CONDUCTING RESEARCH

These are general guidelines and as such you are not expected to adhere to them slavishly. In
fact, the discipline within which you are doing your research may have more specific guidelines
which you are required to follow. Discuss with your supervisor if there are any such specific
guidelines on the final structure or format that your research project should take.

A typical study usually consists of the following parts:

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTORY CHAPTER

1. Brief background to the study – what prompted your interest
2. Identification and definition of the problem – state clearly what it is you want to know; a
rationale (theoretical base) for the study and its significance
3. The objectives of the study
4. Limitations of the study
5. Definition of terms or concepts used in the study
6. Research design – method to be used to collect data
7. Plan of study (optional)

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW

This is an examination of the literature on the topic to establish theory/factors that relate to it; to
identify trends, arguments, opinions, research methods and instruments used in investigating the
topic; to give you an idea of the type of information you need to collect to answer your research
questions. Should not be just a descriptive or a jumble of quotes but critical, showing that you
are thinking. Should establish firmly the theory concerning the topic.

CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH DESIGN
(If very brief, can sometimes be included in the introductory chapter.)

1. This is the total plan for carrying out the study, includes also a step-by-step sequence of
how the study was executed.
2. State the research method used and why suited to your study. The methods chosen
determine how data will be collected.
3. Explain sampling procedure: describe the population; determine sample size, identify
sampling frame and sample selection.
4. Create data collection instrument; describe and explain how arrived at and its contents.
5. Detail how research (especially data collection) was literally carried out and any
problems encountered, adjustments made etc.

CHAPTER 4: DATA PRESENTATION/ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

Contains the raw data in an organized form for ease of presentation, explanation and
understanding. For studies at this level, this chapter may also include the interpretation of the

Revised August 2005

data. First you describe what was found, then look for trends, patterns, similarities/differences
and put forward possible explanations for these findings based upon the theories explored in
the literature surveyed and the background data given earlier on the topic. Where data from
questionnaire are being presented, you should first include the question in its exact format as it
appeared in the questionnaire then go on to present the data collected followed by the discussion.
Graphic representation of data expected. Commonly used graphics – tables, maps, charts – pie,
bar-graphs. Tables: should be properly constructed, labeled, contain numbers and percentages,
where applicable. The information and the relationship of one set of numbers to another should
be easily seen. All tables should be numbered sequentially as they appear through the study. Put
table first, then discuss its contents afterwards. Confine discussion to what is presented in the
table, do not discuss data that you have not shown, although for interpretation you may link the
contents of one table to another.

CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION/FINDINGS and their implications and/or
RECOMMENDATIONS

Here the actual findings/conclusions from the study are presented based on what you FOUND,
not what you thought you would find. Comment on/discuss the implications of these findings
relative to the research problem. Recommendations can be made regarding the following: the
research topic/problem; the need for further research based on some of the issues/findings arising
from your study; and how your research findings can be used.

1. PRELIMINARY PAGES:
Title page, Acknowledgements, Dedication, Content Pages (separate for Text and
Illustrations, if any) should have chapter titles and page numbers.

2. SUBSIDIARY PAGES:
Appendices: extra materials that would not fit into main text e.g. copy of questionnaire(s),
interview schedules or other data gathering instruments, cover letters to participants, more
detailed responses to open-ended questions, illustrative materials etc.

3. BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATIONS:
References: Depending on citation style used (APA, MLA, Chicago) decide if you are going
to use Footnotes or End notes or a Reference List at end of study. Be guided by the format
of the citation style used. Be consistent in the citation style used. Do not mix MLA with
APA. Check the library for citation style manuals. Ask your supervisor for advice on the
citation style commonly used in the academic discipline within which you are conducting the
research.

Bibliography: at the end of the study, all sources should be listed (whether or not you
quoted from them in the study) in a consistent format using the correct style as indicated
by the recommended style manual of your choice.

You do not need both a Reference and Bibliography. Choose which you will use based
on your citation style.

Revised August 2005

4. The research project should be written/typed on letter size paper, 8 1/2 x 11, and should
have a title page with the name and ID number of the student, I.D. number, title of paper,
degree and academic year of presentation. No other size paper will be accepted (see
sample title on page 8).

5. It should have a well-arranged bibliography, with authors, dates and other publication
details.

6. The study must be presented in a sturdy and securely-fastened folder, or properly bound.

7. It must be LEGIBLE, free from grammatical and typographical errors. Examiners can
impose a penalty for breach of the above.

8. Page by page footnoting is not required but the study may carry footnotes or endnotes
clearly identifying source for quotation, statistical data and so on.

9. Footnotes or endnotes and Bibliography should be organized according to the
recommended citation style.

AR3XO - The Impact of Social Media on Local Jamaican Companies/Brands


CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTORY CHAPTER

1. Brief background to the study – what prompted your interest

The topic chosen for this research is The Impact of Social Media on Local Jamaican Companies/Brands.
Social media has arguably become the most effective way to market and promote awareness for most businesses today. Since the first instant message sent over ten years ago, we have all seen social media transform into what is now an integral part of our lives and has boosted the ways and levels of communicating. It is becoming paramount to the success of many of today’s businesses and is arguably just as important as having a website. Facebook can now boast a database of over 400 million users which, if it were a country, would make it the 3rd largest in the world.

Social media improves communication. A company with open and effective lines of communication will have more brand visibility and will ultimately be better able to target it's customers.
Jamaica currently leads with the most Facebook followers in the Caribbean with 663160 followers as of  XXXX.  The social media revolution is in full swing and Jamaican entrepreneurs are not oblivious to this. Jama

HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE GROWTH OF SOCIAL MEDIA WORLDWIDE AND THEN IN JAMAICA




2. Identification and definition of the problem – state clearly what it is you want to know; a
rationale (theoretical base) for the study and its significance

TOPIC:  The companies that have focused on social media marketing have shown increased successes in their marketing portfolios and have greater connection with their consumers.

Companies to look at:


  • Digicel Jamaica:  pick a campaign
  • Jamaica Observer:  ......
  • Diagio/Red Stripe:  BEAR campaign
  • KFC:  So GOOD campaign


3. The objectives of the study:  To show the differences in approach by four (4) leading Jamaican companies/brands to social media marketing in order to determine effectiveness in connecting with their consumer base.

4. Limitations of the study:  insufficient data on social media marketing in Jamaica; emerging marketing tool with limited evaluations on effectiveness; social media marketing is a niche marketing tool and is dependent on the company as well as their consumer base.

5. Definition of terms or concepts used in the study:


  • social media marketing
  • social media campaign
  • social media strategy
  • posts
  • hashtags
  • google analytics
  • crowdsourcing
  • viral/viral campaign


6. Research design – method to be used to collect data



  • qualitative analysis based on interviews and short survey instruments
  • quantitative analysis of data which will look at the numbers of followers and responses received to various media campaigns
  • In depth interviews with key marketing personnel in each of the four (4) companies and advertising executives
  • SHAUNA TO BUILD A SURVEY WITH QUESTIONS


7.  ANALYSIS OF DATA/CONCLUSIONS DRAWN

8. CLOSING